Cervical Thymic Cyst with parathyroid tissue - a diagnostic conundrum

Cervical thymic cysts are relatively rare benign cystic lesions that tend to be diagnosed clinically as branchial cysts, which usually present as painless, enlarging neck masses. They can occur anywhere along the normal path of descent of thymic primordia from the angle of the mandible to the sternal notch, with mediastinal extension observed in approximately 50% of cases. They are usually seen in the first decade of life on the left side with a male predominance. Here we report a case of a 15-year-old boy who presented to the hospital with left-sided neck swelling for about 2 months. The neck's contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a large, well-defined cystic swelling in the left neck region, showing peripheral enhancement, seen from the submandibular region to the superior mediastinum extending into the retrosternal region. Direct fine needle aspiration (FNA) was done, which showed a benign lesion with inflammatory and cystic characteristics, leading to the possibility of a branchial cyst. The cyst was completely excised surgically. Histopathology showed a thymic cyst with parathyroid tissue. The presence of thymic tissue with Hassall's corpuscles is essential for the diagnosis. Knowledge of the clinical presentation, cyto-histological findings, and differential diagnosis of cystic cervical lesions in the pediatric population is important to diagnose this rare entity. Hence, though uncommon, when one comes across a cystic cervical region mass in children, a diagnosis of cervical thymic cyst should be kept in mind. Nonetheless, a definitive diagnosis depends on imaging findings as well as intraoperative findings and histopathological examination.

Primary mediastinal hydatid cyst causing diaphragmatic palsy

Abstract Hydatid cystic disease is a significant clinical problem in endemic countries. Hydatid cysts are most commonly located in the liver and lungs. Primary mediastinal hydatid cyst is a rare clinical entity. The diagnosis must be considered in a patient with a mediastinal mass, particularly in endemic regions. Mediastinal hydatid cysts causing paralysis of phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves have been rarely reported. We describe a rare case of primary mediastinal hydatid cyst associated with diaphragmatic palsy caused by compression of the left phrenic nerve, which was successfully treated with partial cystectomy and capitonnage with hemidiaphragmatic plication.

Quantitative Thoracic Magnetic Resonance Criteria for the Differentiation of Cysts from Solid Masses in the Anterior Mediastinum

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters for differentiation of cysts from and solid masses in the anterior mediastinum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The development dataset included 18 patients from two institutions with pathologically-proven cysts (n = 6) and solid masses (n = 12) in the anterior mediastinum. We measured the maximum diameter, normalized T1 and T2 signal intensity (nT1 and nT2), normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC), and relative enhancement ratio (RER) of each lesion. RERs were obtained by non-rigid registration and subtraction of precontrast and postcontrast T1-weighted images. Differentiation criteria between cysts and solid masses were identified based on receiver operating characteristics analysis. For validation, two separate datasets were utilized: 15 patients with 8 cysts and 7 solid masses from another institution (validation dataset 1); and 11 patients with clinically diagnosed cysts stable for more than two years (validation dataset 2). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from the validation datasets. RESULTS: nT2, nADC, and RER significantly differed between cysts and solid masses (p = 0.032, 0.013, and 0.63; nT2 > 0.39. In validation dataset 1, the sensitivity of the RER, nADC, and nT2 criteria was 87.5%, 100%, and 75.0%, and the specificity was 100%, 40.0%, and 57.4%, respectively. In validation dataset 2, the sensitivity of the RER, nADC, and nT2 criteria was 90.9%, 90.9%, and 72.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Quantitative MRI criteria using nT2, nADC, and particularly RER can assist differentiation of cysts from solid masses in the anterior mediastinum.

Spontaneous Disappearance of a Pericardial Cyst: Case Report and Literature Review / 대한흉부외과학회지

Pericardial cysts are rare benign anomalies generally discovered as incidental findings on radiographic images. Rarely, pericardial cysts cause symptoms and may lead to complications. A 56-year-old woman presented to the emergency department for mild chest pain. A cardiovascular and respiratory examination revealed no abnormalities, while a chest X-ray and subsequent thoracic computed tomography (CT) showed a pericardial cyst. The patient refused both percutaneous treatment and thoracic surgery. Three years later, a thoracic CT scan showed that the pericardial cyst had disappeared. Although the spontaneous resolution of these lesions is rare, this article highlights the possibility of conservative management in select cases.

Cervicothoracic Thymic Cyst: An Unusual Presentation

Cervicothoracic thymic cysts are rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We report a case of a cervicothoracic thymic cyst presenting as a lateral neck mass and mimicking a laryngocele in a 3-year-old boy and its definitive management.

Quiste tímico multiloculado en un paciente adulto: presentación de caso y revisión de la literatura / Multiloculated thymic cyst in an adult patient: case report and literature review

Los quistes tímicos multiloculados son lesiones generalmente adquiridas, que se diagnostican de manera incidental en la mayoría de pacientes y se asocian con condiciones de naturaleza diversa, como: inflamación, infección, trauma y radioterapia. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 55 años con un quiste tímico multiloculado, sin antecedentes de importancia o condición clínica particular al momento del diagnóstico.

Multiloculated thymic cysts are acquired lesions, diagnosed incidentally in most patients and associated with other conditions such as inflammation, infection, trauma and radiothera. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a multilocular thymic cyst, with no relevant history or particular clinical condition at the time of diagnosis.

Quiste pericardio - celómico / Spring water cyst

Paciente femenino, de 24 años que concurre por dolor torácico y disnea. Al examen por TC se observa masa homogénea, en seno cardiofrenico derecho, que no realza tras la administración EV de contraste iodado, y teniendo como característica, contenido líquido. Provoca desviación mediastinica hacia la izquierda. Luego de su exeresis, se concluye en el diagnóstico de quiste pericardio-celómico.

Female patient, 24 years that concurs with chest pain and dyspnea. To review by TC is observed homogeneous mass, in the cardiofrenico angle, which does not enhance after contrast administration EV iodide, and taking as a feature, liquid contents. Causes mediastinal deviation to the left. After excision, it is concluded in the diagnosis of pericardial cyst-coelomic.

Divertículo traqueal: um relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Tracheal diverticulum: a case report and literature review

Divertículo traqueal é uma patologia benigna caracterizada por invaginações únicas ou múltiplas na parede da traqueia. Condição rara, com poucos casos relatados na literatura mundial. Tem etiologias congênita ou adquirida. A maioria dos pacientes são completamente assintomáticos durante toda a sua vida, o que justifica um pequeno número de casos na literatura. O diagnóstico é feito por Tomografia Computadorizada (preferencialmente helicoidal) de pescoço. O caso relato é de uma mulher de 55 anos, portadora de asma brônquica de difícil controle atendida no ambulatório de cirurgia torácica de um hospital público brasileiro com quadro de tosse crônica e dispneia intermitentes há cerca de dois anos. Propedêutica com broncoscopia e endoscopia digestiva alta sem achados anormais. Tomografia computadorizada de pescoço multislice detectou formação cística de conteúdo aéreo projetada para a direita da traqueia. Submetida a cervicotomia exploradora e ressecção de formação cística, ovóide, posterior ao lobo direito da tireóide, com comunicação com a traquéia. Estudo histopatológico evidenciou lesão constituída de epitélio respiratório, achado que corroborou o diagnóstico de divertículo traqueal. Essa patologia foi identificada como de causa adquirida no caso relatado, devido ao quadro de tosse crônica pela asma brônquica de difícil controle, achados compatíveis com a literatura mundial. (AU)

Tracheal diverticulum is a benign pathology characterized by single or multiple invaginations in the trachea wall. It is a rare condition, with few cases reported in the world literature. Tracheal diverticulum can be either congenital or acquired. Most patients are completely asymptomatic throughout the life, which justifies a small number of cases reported in the literature. The diagnosis is made by computed tomography multi-slice of the neck. The case report is of a asthmatic 55-year-old female, with a 2-year history of repeatedly cough and dyspnea met in thoracic surgery clinic of a brazilian public hospital. Workup with bronchoscopy and endoscopy with no abnormal findings. Computed tomography multi-slice detected a paratracheal air cyst located at the right posterolateral aspect of the trachea. The patient underwent exploratory cervicotomy and resection of a cystic lesion, ovoid, posterior the right lobe of the thyroid, with communication with the trachea. The final pathological report: respiratory epithelium in the cyst wall, a finding that corroborates the diagnosis of tracheal diverticulum. In the case reported, the tracheal diverticulum was determined as acquired, due to chronic cough by asthma, findings consistent with the literature. (AU)

Bronchogenic cyst masquerading as malignant pericardial effusion with tamponade / 영남의대학술지

We report on a rare case involving a 23-year-old female patient with mediastinal cystic mass complicated with acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade. Pericardial fluid demonstrated lymphocyte-predominant exudate and the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was unexpectedly elevated. Successive aspiration of mediastinal cystic mass revealed a very high level of CEA (>100,000 U/mL) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (>15,000 ng/mL). This patient was clinically diagnosed as an infected bronchogenic cyst complicated with pericarditis and cardiac tamponade. The treatment resulted in alleviation of her symptoms.

Bronchogenic cyst masquerading as malignant pericardial effusion with tamponade / 영남의대학술지

We report on a rare case involving a 23-year-old female patient with mediastinal cystic mass complicated with acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade. Pericardial fluid demonstrated lymphocyte-predominant exudate and the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was unexpectedly elevated. Successive aspiration of mediastinal cystic mass revealed a very high level of CEA (>100,000 U/mL) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (>15,000 ng/mL). This patient was clinically diagnosed as an infected bronchogenic cyst complicated with pericarditis and cardiac tamponade. The treatment resulted in alleviation of her symptoms.

A Case of Ectopic Lateral Cervical Thymic Cyst Mimicking as a Second Branchial Cleft Cyst

Cervical thymic cysts are rare lesions of neck mass often misdiagnosed clinically as branchial cleft cyst and are mostly diagnosed, pathologically after surgery. The authors applied surgical resection to a 34-year-old man with right upper neck mass, which was misdiagnosed preoperatively as a second branchial cleft cyst. The pathological tissue examination result showed that the patient was diagnosed with a cervical thymic cyst. The thymic cyst of the lateral neck has not been reported from adult in Korean. Herein, we present the case with review of the related literature.

Quiste Pleuropericárdico. Reporte de casos / Pleuro Pericardial Cyst

El quiste pleuro pericárdico es una lesión muy poco común que se produce por una alteración en la embriogénesis de la cavidad celómica primordialmente, aunque también puede ser adquirido. Su incidencia es infrecuente y su localización es esencialmente a nivel del ángulo cardiofrénico derecho. Presentación de casos. Se trata de tres pacientes de sexo femenino de la quinta y sexta década de la vida, con historia, tos, disnea y hallazgo incidental en la radiografía de tórax de lesión quística de localización mediastínica. Conclusiones. El quiste pleuro pericárdico es una entidad de diagnóstico generalmente incidental y su tratamiento es en principio conservador. La cirugía ya sea por toracotomía o videotoracoscopía se reserva para pacientes con indicaciones específicas

Pleuro pericardial cyst is a very rare injury that is caused by an alteraton in the embryogenesis of the coelomic cavity primarily, but can also be acquired. Its incidence is rare and its locaton is essentally level cardiophrenic right angle. Presentaton of cases. There are three female patents of the ffh and sixth decade of life, with history, cough, dyspnea and incidental fnding on chest radiograph of a mediastnal cystc lesion localizaton. Conclusions. Pleuro pericardial cyst is an entty generally incidental, diagnosis and treatment is conservatve. Surgery either by thoracotomy or VATS is reserved for patents with specifc indicatons

Achado Radiológico de Cisto Pericárdico / Radiologic Finding of Pericardial Cyst

Mulher de 46 anos de idade, em acompanhamento porinfecção cutânea por Bukhoderia pseudomallei em membrosuperior esquerdo, realizou radiografia de tórax para descartaracometimento pulmonar, que evidenciou hipotransparênciaem lobo inferior esquerdo (Figura 1A). Posteriormente, foisubmetida a tomografia de tórax que demonstrou coleçãolíquida, sem realce pelo meio de contraste, medindo 8cm no maior eixo axial, ocupando o seio cardiofrênicoesquerdo (Figura 1B). O ecocardiograma transtorácico (ECO)mostrou função sistólica preservada (FE 62% pelo Teichholz),espessamento pericárdico discreto e cisto pericárdico emregião posterior e em ponta do coração, contendo traves defibrina (Figura 2). Posteriormente, a paciente foi submetidaa drenagem percutânea do cisto guiada por US (citologia:hemácias 0, leucócitos 1.000, 60% mononucleares e 40%neutrófilos; cultura negativa). O ECO realizado um mês apósa drenagem demonstrou discreto espessamento pericárdico(4 mm) e ausência de derrame pericárdico. Paciente segueem tratamento ambulatorial com o infectologista.Cistos pericárdicos são anomalias congênitas raras egeralmente benignas. Representam 6% das massas mediastinaise 33% de todos os cistos do mediastino. A grande maioriados cistos é assintomática e geralmente é achado incidentalem exames de imagens que podem ser confundidos comaneurisma da artéria coronariana, neoplasias e pneumonia.Complicações como a ruptura do cisto, compressão cardíacae até mesmo morte súbita já forma descritas, porém sãoincomuns. Pode-se adotar uma conduta conservadora emcasos assintomáticos desde que seja possível o seguimentodo paciente, de forma a garantir um curso benigno em que ocisto pericárdico pode involuir espontaneamente...

A Case of Mediastinal Ectopic Thyroid Cyst Inducing Severe Airway Compression / 대한이비인후과학회지

Ectopic thyroid gland is usually located along the development path of thyroid in the anterior midline of the neck. However, its occurrence within the mediastinum is very rare. Mediastinal ectopic thyroid cyst is usually benign and asymptomatic, but we experienced a case of the mediastinal ectopic thyroid cyst inducing a severe airway obstruction in a 45-year-old male. The mass had no connection to the cervical thyroid gland and histological examination revealed a mediastinal cyst of an ectopic thyroid. We present the case with a review of the related literatures.

Mediastinal mature teratoma in a child- A case report

Mediastinal teratoma is an infrequent germ cell tumour and comprises of 1 to 5% of all mediastinal tumours. We report a case of mediastinal mature teratoma in a 12 year old boy who presented to us with persistent non-productive cough, fever and dyspnoea for the past 7 months. Computed tomographic scan of thorax revealed a large anterior mediastinal mass measuring 11.2x9.9x14cm with calcification within. He subsequently underwent a median sternotomy with left subcostal extension (L-incision) and excision of tumour. Histopathology of the tumour revealed a mature cystic teratoma. We would like to report a case of successful surgical management of a large mediastinal mature teratoma in a child.

Spontaneous Thymic Cyst Hemorrhage Manifesting as a Mediastinal Mass / 대한내과학회지

Thymic cysts are uncommon benign lesions in the anterior mediastinum. We here describe a 55-year-old male with spontaneous thymic cyst hemorrhage manifesting as a rapidly enlarging mediastinal mass that was resected completely with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a spontaneous thymic cyst hemorrhage in Korea. In cases of rapidly enlarging mediastinal masses, spontaneous thymic cyst hemorrhage should be considered as a differential diagnosis.